Diversification in modern language teaching gives language teachers and heads of department the evidence upon which to decide if diversification is right for them. It presents findings from a longitudinal study, the Oxford Project on Diversification of First Foreign Language Teaching (OXPROD), which looked both at pupils’ learning experiences and at the organisational questions affecting schools in which the policy was implemented. Throughout it argues first that there is nothing in the nature of German or Spanish that makes these languages unsuitable as first foreign languages for the whole ability range and second that the decision on whether to diversify first foreign language provision must be a purely educational one, based on pupil motivation and accessibility as well as on particular local strengths among staff and parents.